Ultraviolet-sensitive sheet, method for manufacturing ultraviolet-sensing sheet, and method for sensing ultraviolet

ABSTRACT

Provided an ultraviolet-sensing sheet that facilitates measurement of ultraviolet irradiance over a wide area, that is suitable in ultraviolet irradiance in a range from 1 to 1,000 mJ/cm 2 , a method for manufacturing such an ultraviolet-sensing sheet, and a method for sensing ultraviolet. The ultraviolet-sensing sheet has a change in reflection density ΔD1 of 0.2 or more over a range of cumulative illuminance 1 mJ/cm 2  or more and less than 10 mJ/cm 2 ,
         a change in reflection density ΔD2 of 0.2 or more over a range of cumulative illuminance 10 mJ/cm 2  or more and less than 100 mJ/cm 2 , and a change in reflection density ΔD3 of 0.2 or more over a range of cumulative illuminance 100 mJ/cm 2  or more and 1,000 mJ/cm 2  or less,   as measured at a wavelength of 365 nm when the ultraviolet-sensing sheet is irradiated with a high-pressure mercury lamp.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a Continuation Application of U.S. application Ser. No.14/829,964 filed Aug. 19, 2015, which is a Continuation of PCTInternational Application No. PCT/JP2014/054420 filed on Feb. 25, 2014,which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(a) to Japanese PatentApplication No. 2013-035046 filed on Feb. 25, 2013, and Japanese PatentApplication No. 2014-032536 filed on Feb. 24, 2014. The aboveapplications are hereby expressly incorporated by reference, in theirentirety, into the present application.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to ultraviolet-sensing sheets, methods formanufacturing ultraviolet-sensing sheets, and methods for sensingultraviolet.

BACKGROUND ART

A measurement of an ultraviolet dose is used in various fields, forexample, ultraviolet dosimeters are used to measure the ultraviolet doseof an object irradiated with ultraviolet radiation from an ultravioletirradiation system for curing ultraviolet-curable resins.

Commonly known ultraviolet dosimeters are semiconductor photovoltaicdevices, which are expensive and not readily portable. Simpler andinexpensive known tools are photochromic cards, which change colorreversibly in response to ultraviolet. Although photochromic cards canbe used to determine the ultraviolet intensity during irradiation, thecumulative illuimance of ultraviolet cannot be determined.

For example, Patent document 1 proposes a method for measuringcumulative irradiance with allochroic materials.

Also proposed are a method for quantitatively determining ultravioletdose using photosensitive paper (see Patent document 2) and a methodutilizing oxidative coloration of leuco dyes (see Patent document 3).

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

Patent document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application PublicationNo. 10-288552

Patent document 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application PublicationNo. 10-122958

Patent document 3: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application PublicationNo. 62-112020

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

Unfortunately, the method in Patent document 1 is not suitable forquantitative determination because of insufficient sensitivity.

The method in Patent document 2 has several disadvantages. For example,this method requires a measuring instrument and a complicated procedure,cannot readily quantitatively determine the ultraviolet dose since nogradations of color are available, and requires careful handling of theresults, which are susceptible to external light after ultravioletdosimetry.

The method in patent document 3 has several disadvantages. For example,this method cannot readily quantitatively determine the ultraviolet dosesince no gradations of color are available and yields results withinstable images, which are susceptible to external light afterultraviolet dosimetry.

Those methods are also not suitable for ultraviolet irradiance in therange from 100 to 1,000 mJ/cm², which is most widely used inmanufacturing processes involving the use of ultraviolet curing.

In view of the foregoing disadvantages, an object of the presentinvention is to provide an ultraviolet-sensing sheet that facilitatesmeasurement of ultraviolet irradiance over a wide area, that is suitablein ultraviolet irradiance in a range from 1 to 1,000 mJ/cm², a methodfor manufacturing such an ultraviolet-sensing sheet, and a method forsensing ultraviolet.

Solution to Problem

The inventor has discovered that an ultraviolet-sensing sheet has acontinuous color development depending on the cumulative illuminance ofultraviolet if the ultraviolet-sensing sheet has a change in reflectiondensity ΔD1 of 0.2 or more over a range of cumulative illuminance 1mJ/cm² or more and less than 10 mJ/cm², a change in reflection densityΔD2 of 0.2 or more over a range of cumulative illuminance 10 mJ/cm² ormore and less than 100 mJ/cm², and a change in reflection density ΔD3 of0.2 or more over a range of cumulative illuminance 100 mJ/cm² or moreand 1,000 mJ/cm²or less, as measured at a wavelength of 365 nm when theultraviolet-sensing sheet is irradiated with a high-pressure mercurylamp, and thereby have completed the present invention.

Means for solving the problem is a means below <1>, preferably, it is ameans of following <2>to <13>.

-   <1> An ultraviolet-sensing sheet which has a change in reflection    density ΔD1 of 0.2 or more in a range of cumulative illuminance of 1    mJ/cm² or more and less than 10 mJ/cm²,

a change in reflection density ΔD2 of 0.2 or more in a range ofcumulative illuminance of 10 mJ/cm² or more and less than 100 mJ/cm²,

and a change in reflection density ΔD3 of 0.2 or more in a range ofcumulative illuminance of 100 mJ/cm² or more and 1,000 mJ/cm² or less,

as measured at a wavelength of 365 nm when the ultraviolet-sensing sheetis irradiated with a high-pressure mercury lamp.

-   <2> The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to <1>, wherein the    ultraviolet-sensing sheet comprises an ultraviolet-sensing layer    comprising a capsule containing a photo-oxidant and a leuco dye    capable of developing color by the photo-oxidant,

a mass ratio of the photo-oxidant and the leuco dye is 0.2 to 1.0:1, and

the leuco dye is present in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 g per 1 m² of asurface area of the ultraviolet-sensing layer.

-   <3> The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to <1> or <2>, wherein    the photo-oxidant has a molar absorption coefficient e of 2,000 or    less at a wavelength of 350 nm and a molar absorption coefficient of    10,000 or more at a wavelength of 250 nm.-   <4> The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to any one of <1> to    <3>, wherein the capsule is a microcapsule.-   <5> The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to any one of <1> to    <4>, wherein the leuco dye is an aminoarylmethane.-   <6> The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to any one of <1> to    <5>, wherein the ultraviolet-sensing sheet has a cumulative    illuminance of from 1 to 1,000 mJ/cm² as measured at a wavelength of    365 nm when the ultraviolet-sensing sheet is irradiated with a    high-pressure mercury lamp-   <7> The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to any one of <1> to    <6>, further comprising a support having the ultraviolet-sensing    layer thereon.-   <8> The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to <7>, wherein the    support is a plastic film.-   <9> The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to <7> or <8>, further    comprising a reflective layer between the support and the    ultraviolet-sensing layer or on a surface of the support, the    surface being away from the ultraviolet-sensing layer.-   <10> The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to <9>, wherein the    reflective layer is disposed between the support and the    ultraviolet-sensing layer.-   <11> The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to any one of <1> to    <10>, wherein the ultraviolet-sensing layer further comprises a    reductant.-   <12> A method for manufacturing the ultraviolet-sensing sheet    according to any one of <1> to <11>,

the method comprising applying to a support an ultraviolet-sensing layercomposition comprising a capsule containing a photo-oxidant and a leucodye capable of developing color by the photo-oxidant, and a mass ratioof the photo-oxidant and the leuco dye is 0.2 to 1.0:1,

and the leuco dye is present in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 g per 1 m² ofthe surface area of the support.

-   <13> A method for sensing ultraviolet using the ultraviolet-sensing    sheet according to any one of <1> to <11>.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

The present invention provides an ultraviolet-sensing sheet thatfacilitates ultraviolet irradiance over a wide area, that is effectivein ultraviolet irradiance in a range from 1 to 1,000 mJ/cm², a methodfor manufacturing such an ultraviolet-sensing sheet, and a method forsensing ultraviolet.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the degree of developing color of the presentinvention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an example capsule for use in the presentinvention.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example reaction scheme of a photo-oxidant and aleuco dye.

FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of an example ultraviolet-sensingsheet according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of an example ultraviolet-sensingkit according to the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The present invention will be explained in detail below. As used herein,each numerical range expressed by two values on both sides of “to” isused to mean the range including the values indicated before and after“to” as lower and upper limits.

<Ultraviolet-Sensing Sheet>

An ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to the present invention, theultraviolet-sensing sheet has a change in reflection density ΔD1 of 0.2or more in a range of cumulative illuminance of 1 mJ/cm² or more andless than 10 mJ/cm2, a change in reflection density ΔD2 of 0.2 or morein a range of cumulative illuminance of 10 mJ/cm² or more and less than100 mJ/cm2, and a change in reflection density ΔD3 of 0.2 or more in arange of cumulative illuminance of 100 mJ/cm² or more and 1,000 mJ/cm²or less, as measured at a wavelength of 365 nm when theultraviolet-sensing sheet is irradiated with a high-pressure mercurylamp.

An ultraviolet-sensing sheet satisfying the above requirements canrespond sensitively to ultraviolet and sense ultraviolet. In particular,when the sheet is irradiated with a high-pressure mercury lamp, thedegree of color development of the sheet according to the presentinvention vary depending on the irradiance measured at a wavelength of365 nm, and thus can effectively determine the ultraviolet irradiance.As used herein, the term “high-pressure mercury lamp” refers to, forexample, a high-pressure ultraviolet lamp available from Ushio Inc. FIG.1 is a graph showing the degree of color development of theultraviolet-sensing sheet according to the present invention, where thevertical axis is a logarithmic of the degree of color development, andthe horizontal axis is a cumulative illuminance of ultraviolet. FIG. 1demonstrates that the present invention can has a continuous colordevelopment on the cumulative illuminance of ultraviolet, therebysensitively detecting ultraviolet radiation. In particular, the presentinvention can effectively detect ultraviolet radiation in a range ofcumulative illuminance of ultraviolet of 1 to 1,000 mJ/cm².

Light sources other than high-pressure mercury lamps can also be used inthe present invention. Examples of other light sources include metalhalide lamps, ultraviolet-LED lamps, low-pressure mercury lamps, andultraviolet lasers.

The sheet according to the present invention preferably has a change inreflection density ΔD1 of 0.2 or more, more preferably 0.25 or more, ina range of cumulative illuminance of 1 mJ/cm² or more and less than 10mJ/cm², a change in reflection density ΔD2 of 0.2 or more, morepreferably 0.25 or more, in a range of cumulative illuminance of 10mJ/cm² or more and less than 100 mJ/cm², and a change in reflectiondensity ΔD3 of 0.2 or more, more preferably 0.25 or more, in a range ofcumulative illuminance of 100 mJ/cm² or more and 1,000 mJ/cm² or less,when measured at a wavelength of 365 nm. Preferably, the sheet accordingto the present invention has a change in reflection density of 0.4 orless, although no critical upper limit is defined.

For example, the sheet according to the present invention may have achange in reflection density ΔD1 of 0.21 to 0.36, a change in reflectiondensity ΔD2 of 0.22 to 0.29, and a change in reflection density ΔD3 of0.21 to 0.29.

The term “change in reflection density” refers to the color change afteran irradiation illuminance with ultraviolet to before a predeterminedcumulative illuminance; specifically, it can be measured with areflection densitometer (X-Rite 310, X-Rite Inc.).

If the changes in reflection densities ΔD1 to ΔD3 fall within the aboveranges, the ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to the present inventioncan continuously develop color depending on the cumulative ultravioletilluminance, thereby sensitively sensing ultraviolet radiation.

Such effective sensing of ultraviolet is accomplished by theultraviolet-sensing layer. The ultraviolet-sensing layer used in thepresent invention contains capsules containing a photo-oxidant and aleuco dye capable of developing color by the photo-oxidant a mass ratioof the photo-oxidant and the leuco dye is 0.2 to 1.0:1, and the leucodye being present in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 g per 1 m² of the surfacearea of the ultraviolet-sensing layer. As the ultraviolet doseincreases, the photo-oxidant generates a larger number of radicals, andaccordingly, a larger amount of leuco dye reacts with the radicals. Thecolor density thus increases with the ultraviolet dose. This allowsultraviolet to be detected in the form of more precise gradations.

The ultraviolet sensing mechanism according to the present inventionwill now be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. It should beunderstood that the drawings are not intended to limit the presentinvention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an example capsule for use in the presentinvention. As shown in FIG. 2, the capsule 11 contains a photo-oxidant12 and a leuco dye 13. FIG. 3 illustrates an example reaction scheme ofthe photo-oxidant and the leuco dye.

As shown in FIG. 2, upon ultraviolet irradiation, the photo-oxidant 12in the capsule 11 absorbs ultraviolet radiation hν. The photo-oxidant 12absorbed ultraviolet radiation hν is activated (an activatedphoto-oxidant 12 a) to generate radicals (FIG. 3). As the ultravioletdose increases, the photo-oxidant 12 generates a larger number ofradicals, and accordingly, a larger amount of leuco dye 13 reacts withthe resulting radicals. For example, the photo-oxidant and the leuco dyemay be present in a predetermined mass ratio in the ultraviolet-sensingsheet according to the present invention, and the leuco dye may bepresent in a predetermined amount. This allows the color density tochange continuously depending on the ultraviolet dose, as shown in FIG.1, and thus allows the ultraviolet dose to be visually determined.

Specific examples of photo-oxidants and leuco dyes and the contentsthereof will be described in further detail later.

<<Structure of Ultraviolet-Sensing Sheet>>

The structure of the ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to the presentinvention will now be described. FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view ofan example ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to the present invention.The ultraviolet-sensing sheet 1 according to the present inventionincludes an ultraviolet-sensing layer 10, a support 30 supporting theultraviolet-sensing layer 10, and an optional reflective layer 20between the support 30 and the ultraviolet-sensing layer 10. Theultraviolet-sensing layer 10 contains capsules dispersed therein. Asillustrated in FIG. 2, each capsule contains a photo-oxidant and a leucodye.

FIG. 5 illustrates another example ultraviolet-sensing sheet accordingto the present invention. The ultraviolet-sensing sheet 1 according tothis embodiment includes an ultraviolet-sensing layer 10, a support 30supporting the ultraviolet-sensing layer 10, and an optional reflectivelayer 20 under the lower surface of the support 30, the lower surfacebeing away from the ultraviolet-sensing layer 10. A glossy layer 40 maybe disposed on a surface of the reflective layer 20, the surface beingaway from the support 30. The reflective layer 20 may be formed on anadhesion layer 50 provided on the support.

According to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, the reflective layer20 disposed on the lower surface, away from the ultraviolet-sensinglayer 10, of the support 30 can more effectively reduce curling, forexample, the height of rising at the four corners, at low humidity.According to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, the glossy layer canbe formed on the reflective layer to enhance the distinguishabilitybetween the front and back surfaces.

The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to the present invention may bea film having a thickness of 200 μm or less or may be a sheet having athickness of more than 200 μm. For example, the ultraviolet-sensingsheet according to the present invention may have a thickness of 5 to250 μm, more specifically, 25 to 150 μm. The ultraviolet-sensing sheetaccording to the present invention may also be a rolled film.

The individual layers will now be described.

<<<Ultraviolet-Sensing Layer>>>

The ultraviolet-sensing layer used in the present invention containscapsules containing a photo-oxidant and a leuco dye capable ofdevelopment color by the photo-oxidant in a predetermined ratio. Theleuco dye is present in the ultraviolet-sensing layer used in thepresent invention in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 g, preferably 0.15 to 0.8g, more preferably 0.2 to 0.5 g, per 1 m² of a surface area of theultraviolet-sensing layer. By setting to be such a range, thephoto-oxidant more effectively responds to the ultraviolet irradiance,to thereby more sensitively develop color. The capsules will bedescribed in further detail later.

The ultraviolet-sensing layer typically contains a binder in which thecapsules are dispersed and may optionally contain other additives.Examples of binders include emulsions of various polymers such aspoly(vinyl alcohol), methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose,hydroxypropyl cellulose, gum arabic, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone,casein, styrene-butadiene latex, acrylonitrile-butadiene latex,poly(vinyl acetate), polyacrylates, and ethylene-vinyl acetatecopolymers. The binder is used in an amount of 0.1 to 5 g/m² on a solidbasis.

In addition to the leuco dye and the photo-oxidant contained in thecapsules, the ultraviolet-sensing layer may further contain othercomponents such as sensitizers, reductants, antioxidants, andsurfactants. Several additives such as sensitizers, reductants, andsurfactants are disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent ApplicationPublication No. 1-207741 at page 9, lower left column, to page 10, upperleft column, and in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application PublicationNo. 2004-233614 at paragraphs 0038, 0039, and 0048 to 0059, the entiredisclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The ultraviolet-sensing layer may have any thickness, but preferably athickness of 3 to 30 μm, more preferably 10 to 20 μm, even morepreferably 12 to 17 μm.

[Capsules]

The capsules present in the ultraviolet-sensing layer used in thepresent invention contain the photo-oxidant and the leuco dye in apredetermined mass ratio. The photo-oxidant and the leuco dye arepresent in the capsules in a mass ratio of 0.2 to 1.0:1, preferably 0.3to 0.8:1, more preferably 0.4 to 0.7:1. By adding to be such a massratio, the photo-oxidant more effectively responds to the ultravioletirradiance, to thereby more sensitively develop color. Preferably, theaverage mass ratio of the photo-oxidant to the leuco dye in each capsulefalls within the above ranges; however, the effect of the presentinvention are achieved if the average mass ratio of the photo-oxidant tothe leuco dye per unit area of the ultraviolet-sensing layer fallswithin the above ranges.

The capsules used in the present invention prevent contact between thematerials inside and outside the capsules at room temperature under thebarrier function of the shell wall and exhibit increased materialpermeability only when heated to a certain temperature or higher.

The permeation onset temperature can be controlled by selecting asuitable combination of a shell wall material, a capsule core material,and additives. The permeation onset temperature corresponds to the glasstransition temperature of the shell wall. Specific compositions areillustrated in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication Nos.59-190886 and 60-242094, the entire disclosures of which areincorporated herein by reference.

To control the glass transition temperature of the shell wall itself,the type of shell-wall forming agent must be changed. Examples ofmicrocapsule shell wall materials usable in the present inventioninclude polyurethanes, polyureas, polyesters, polycarbonates,urea-formaldehyde resins, melamine-formaldehyde resins, polystyrene,styrene-methacrylate copolymers, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, andpoly(vinyl alcohol). These polymeric materials can be used incombination. In the present invention, preferred among the abovepolymeric materials are polyurethanes, polyureas, polyamides,polyesters, and polycarbonates, more preferably polyurethanes andpolyureas.

The capsules used in the present invention are preferably formed byemulsifying a core material containing the reactants, such as the leucodye and the photo-oxidant, and then encapsulating the oil droplets withwalls of a polymeric material. The reactant that forms the polymericmaterial may be added inside and/or outside the oil droplets. Details ofpreferred capsules for use in the present invention, including preferredmethods for manufacturing such capsules, are disclosed in thespecifications of U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,726,804 and 3,796,696, the entiredisclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

For example, if polyurethaneurea is used as the shell wall material, apolyisocyanate and a second material (e.g., a polyol) reactive therewithto form the shell wall are mixed in an aqueous phase or in the oilyliquid to be encapsulated. The mixture is emulsified in water and isheated to induce a polymerization reaction at oil droplet interfaces,thereby forming a shell wall. Polyurea is formed, for example, if thesecond material is polyamine or if no material is added.

Polyisocyanates and polyols and polyamines reactive therewith (secondmaterials) for use herein are disclosed in the specifications of U.S.Pat. Nos. 3,281,383, 3,773,695, and 3,793,268, Japanese Examined PatentApplication Publication Nos. 48-40347, 49-24159, and 48-84086, andJapanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 48-80191, theentire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Examples of polyisocyanates include diisocyanates, such as m-phenylenediisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate,2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, naphthalene 1,4-diisocyanate, diphenylmethane4,4-diisocyanate, 3,3′-dimethoxy-4,4′-biphenyl diisocyanate,3,3′-dimethyldiphenylmethane 4,4′-diisocyanate, xylylene1,4-diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenylpropane diisocyanate, trimethylenediisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, propylene 1,2-diisocyanate,butylene 1,2-diisocyanate, cyclohexylene 1,2-diisocyanate, andcyclohexylene 1,4-diisocyanate; triisocyanates, such as4,4′,4′-triphenylmethane triisocyanate and toluene 2,4,6-triisocyanate;tetraisocyanates, such as 4,4′-dimethyldiphenylmethane2,2′,5,5′-tetraisocyanate; and isocyanate prepolymers, such as adductsof hexamethylene diisocyanate with trimethylolpropane, adducts of2,4-tolylene diisocyanate with trimethylolpropane, adducts of xylylenediisocyanate with trimethylolpropane, and adducts of tolylenediisocyanate with hexanetriol. Examples of commercially availablepolyisocyanates include the TAKENATE series, such as TAKENATE D-110N(Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.).

Examples of polyols include aliphatic polyalcohols, aromaticpolyalcohols, hydroxy polyesters, and hydroxy polyalkylene ethers.

Specific examples include polyols disclosed in Japanese UnexaminedPatent Application Publication No. 60-49991, including ethylene glycol,1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol,1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, propylene glycol, 2,3-dihydroxybutane,1,2-dihydroxybutane, 1,3-dihydroxybutane, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol,2,4-pentanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol,1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, dihydroxycyclohexane, diethylene glycol,1,2,6-trihydroxyhexane, 2-phenylpropylene glycol,1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, hexanetriol, pentaerythritol, pentaerythritolethylene oxide adducts, glycerol ethylene oxide adducts, glycerol,1,4-di(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzene, condensates of aromatic polyalcoholssuch as resorcinol dihydroxyethyl ether with alkylene oxides, p-xylyleneglycol, m-xylylene glycol, α,α′-dihydroxy-p-diisopropylbenzene,4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylmethane, 2-(p,p′-dihydroxydiphenylmethyl)benzylalcohol, adducts of bisphenol A with ethylene oxide, and adducts ofbisphenol A with propylene oxide. The polyol is preferably used in anamount of 0.02 to 2 mol of hydroxyl group per 1 mol of isocyanate group.

Examples of polyamines include ethylenediamine, trimethylenediamine,tetramethylenediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine,p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, piperazine, 2-methylpiperazine,2,5-dimethylpiperazine, 2-hydroxytrimethylenediamine,diethylenetriamine, triethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine,diethylaminopropylamine, tetraethylenepentamine, and adducts of epoxycompounds with amines. Polyisocyanates can be reacted with water to formpolymeric materials.

The organic solvent used to form oil droplets may be selected fromcommon high-boiling oils, including phosphates, such as tricresylphosphate; phthalates, such as dibutyl phthalate; acrylates;methacrylates; other carboxylates; fatty acid amides, such asN,N-diethyldodecanamide; alkylated biphenyls; alkylated terphenyls;chlorinated paraffin; alkylated naphthalenes; and diarylethanes.Specific examples include those disclosed in Japanese Unexamined PatentApplication Publication Nos. 60-242094 and 63-045084, the entiredisclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

In the present invention, the above organic solvents may be used incombination with cosolvents as low-boiling dissolution aids. Examples ofsuch cosolvents include ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate,and methylene chloride.

The water-soluble polymer present as a protective colloid in the aqueousphase to be mixed with the oil phase may be selected from known anionicpolymers, nonionic polymers, and amphoteric polymers, preferably frompoly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, and cellulose derivatives.

A surfactant may be incorporated into the aqueous phase. The surfactantincorporated into the aqueous phase may be selected from anionic andnonionic surfactants that do not react with the protective colloid tocause precipitation or aggregation.

Preferred examples of surfactants include sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates(e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate), dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, andpoly(alkylene glycol)s (e.g., poly(oxyethylene nonylphenyl ether)).

The capsules used in the present invention are typically microcapsuleshaving an average particle size of micrometer order. Preferably, thecapsules have an average particle size of 0.1 to 100 μm, more preferably0.3 to 10 μm, even more preferably 0.5 to 5 μm. Capsules having anaverage particle size of 0.1 μm or more can more stably protect the corematerial therein. Capsules having an average particle size of 100 μm orless provides a chromogenic material with a higher resolution.

The term “average particle size” refers to the volume average particlesize measured with an LA950 laser scattering particle size distributionanalyzer (HORIBA, Ltd.).

[Leuco Dye]

The leuco dye used in the present invention can react with thephoto-oxidant to give a color. The leuco dye is a reduced dye that hasone or two hydrogen atoms and that loses or gains electrons to form acolored dye. Any leuco dye that is substantially colorless or slightlycolored before losing electrons can be selected to achievephoto-oxidative coloration. A single leuco dye or a mixture of leucodyes may be used.

Examples of the leuco dyes for use in the present invention includethose disclosed in, for example, the specification of U.S. Pat. No.3,445,234, including (a) aminotriarylmethanes, (b) aminoxanthines, (C)aminothioxanthines, (d) amino-9,10-dihydroacridines, (e)aminophenoxazines, (f) aminophenothiazines, (g) aminodihydrophenazines,(h) aminodiphenylmethanes, (i) leuco indamines, (j) aminohydrocinnamicacids (cyanoethanes, leuco methines), (k) hydrazines, (l) leuco indigoiddyes, (m) amino-2,3-dihydroanthraquinones, (n) tetrahalo-p,p′-biphenols,(o) 2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenylimidazoles, and (p)phenethylanilines. Of these leuco dyes, the leuco dyes (a) to (i) loseone hydrogen atom to form a colored dye, whereas the leuco dyes (j) to(p) lose two hydrogen atoms to form a dye.

In particular, aminoarylmethanes are preferred, and aminotriarylmethanesare more preferred. Preferred aminotriarylmethanes generally includeaminotriarylmethanes and acid salts thereof where at least two of thearyl groups are phenyl groups each having:

(a) an R¹R²N-substituent at the para position to the bond to the methanecarbon atom where R¹ and R² are each a moiety selected from hydrogen, C₁to C₁₀ alkyl group, 2-hydroxyethyl group, 2-cyanoethyl group, and benzylgroup; and

(b) a substituent at an ortho position to the methane carbon atom, wherethe substituent is selected from lower alkyl group (i.e., having 1 to 4carbon atoms), lower alkoxy group (i.e., having 1 to 4 carbon atoms),fluorine atom, chlorine atom, and bromine atom, and; the third arylgroup (i.e., the remaining aryl group) may be the same as or differentfrom the first and second aryl groups and, when different, is selectedfrom (a) phenyl group optionally substituted by lower alkyl group, loweralkoxy group, chlorine atom, diphenylamino group, cyano group, nitrogroup, hydroxy group, fluorine atom, bromine atom, alkylthio group,arylthio group, thioester group, alkylsulfonic acid group, arylsulfonicacid group, sulfonic acid group, sulfonamide group, alkylamide group,arylamide group, or the like; (b) naphthyl group optionally substitutedby amino group, di-lower-alkylamino group, or alkylamino group; (c)pyridyl group optionally substituted by alkyl group; (d) quinolyl group;and (e) indolinylidene group optionally substituted by alkyl group.

Preferably, R¹ and R² are each hydrogen atom or C₁ to C₄ alkyl group.Most preferably, all three aryl groups are the same.

Specific examples of such leuco dyes includetris(4-dimethylaminophenyl)methane, tris(4-diethylaminophenyl)methane,bis(4-diethylaminophenyl)-(4-diethylamino-2-methylphenyl)methane,bis(4-diethylamino-2-methylphenyl)-(4-diethylaminophenyl)methane,bis(1-ethyl-2-methylindol-3-yl)-phenylmethane,2-N-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-N-ethylamino-6-diethylamino-9-(2-methoxycarbonylphenyl)xanthene,2-(2-chlorophenyl)amino-6-dibutylamino-9-(2-methoxycarbonylphenyl)xanthene,2-dibenzylamino-6-diethylamino-9-(2-methoxycarbonylphenyl)xanthene,benzo[a]-6-N,N-diethylamino-9,2-methoxycarbonylphenyl)xanthene,2-(2-chlorophenyl)-amino-6-dibutylamino-9-(2-methylphenylcarboxamidophenyl)xanthene,3,6-dimethoxy-9-(2-methoxycarbonyl)phenylxanthene, benzoyl leucomethylene blue, and 3,7-bis-diethylaminophenoxazine. Examples ofcommercially available leuco dyes include leuco crystal violet (LCV,Yamada Chemical Co., Ltd.).

[Photo-Oxidant]

The photo-oxidant used in the present invention is activated byultraviolet to generate radicals. The use of the photo-oxidant allowsthe color density to change continuously depending on the ultravioletirradiance and thus allows the ultraviolet dose to be visuallydetermined.

The photo-oxidant used in the present invention may have any ε value ata wavelength of 350 nm, but preferably an ε value of 2,000 or less, morepreferably 1,000 or less, even more preferably 500 or less. For example,the photo-oxidant may have an ε value of 320 or less, or 280 or less.The photo-oxidant used in the present invention may have any ε value ata wavelength of 250 nm, but preferably an ε value of 10,000 or more,more preferably 11,000 or more, even more preferably 12,000 or more. Forexample, the photo-oxidant may have an ε value of 12,630 or more, or12,740 or more. The use of such photo-oxidants further enhances theultraviolet sensitive ability of the ultraviolet-sensing sheet accordingto the present invention. As used herein, the symbol “ε” refers to themolar absorption coefficient of the photo-oxidant, which can bemeasured, for example, with an ultraviolet spectrophotometer.

The photo-oxidant used in the present invention is preferably selectedfrom photo-oxidants represented by Formulae (1) to (7) below. Thesephoto-oxidants may be used alone or in mixture.

where A, B, and D are each independently a carbon ring or heteroarylgroup unsubstituted or substituted by a substituent that does notinterfere with dissociation of the dimer into imidazolyl groups oroxidation of the leuco dye.

The symbols A, B, and D are each independently a carbon ring orheteroaryl group unsubstituted or substituted by a substituent that doesnot interfere with dissociation of the dimer into imidazolyl groups oroxidation of the leuco dye.

The symbols B and D each preferably have 0 to 3 substituents. The symbolA preferably has 0 to 4 substituents.

For details of compounds represented by general formula (1) and methodsof manufacture thereof, knowledge about lophine dimers is available, forexample, as disclosed in the specification of U.S. Pat. No. 3,552,973,fourth column, line 22, to sixth column, line 3, the entire disclosureof which is incorporated herein by reference.

P⁰—CX₃   General Formula (2)

where P⁰ represents hydrogen atom, halogen atom, or aryl group, and Xrepresents halogen atom.

Examples of halogen atoms represented by P⁰ and X include fluorine atom,chlorine atom, bromine atom, and iodine atom, preferably chlorine atomand bromine atom.

Examples of compounds represented by general formula (2) include carbontetrachloride, carbon tetrabromide, p-nitrobenzotribromide,bromotrichloromethane, benzotrichloride, hexabromoethane, iodoform,1,1,1-tribromo-2-methyl-2-propanol, 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane,2,2,2-tribromoethanol, and 1,1,1-trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol.

where R represents a substituent, and x represents an integer of 0 to 5.

The symbol R represents a substituent. Examples of substituents includenitro group, halogen atom, C₁ to C₃ alkyl group, C₁ to C₃ haloalkylgroup, acetyl groups, haloacetyl group, and C₁ to C₃ alkoxy group. If Ris present at a plurality of positions, each R may be the same ordifferent.

The symbol x represents an integer of 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 3.

Examples of compounds represented by general formula (3) includeo-nitro-α,α,α-tribromoacetophenone, m-nitro-α,α,α-tribromoacetophenone,p-nitro-α,α,α-tribromoacetophenone, α,α,α-tribromoacetophenone, andα,α,α-tribromo-3,4-dichloroacetophenone.

R¹—SO₂—X¹   General Formula (4)

where R¹ represents an optionally substituted alkyl group or anoptionally substituted aryl group, and X¹ is halogen atom.

The symbol R¹ represents an optionally substituted alkyl group or anoptionally substituted aryl group. Preferred examples of optionallysubstituted alkyl groups include alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbonatoms, more preferably alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, evenmore preferably alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Preferred examples of optionally substituted aryl groups include arylgroups having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably aryl groups having 6to 14 carbon atoms, even more preferably aryl groups having 6 to 10carbon atoms.

Examples of substituents include nitro group, halogen atom, C₁ to C₃alkyl group, C₁ to C₃ haloalkyl group, acetyl group, haloacetyl group,and C₁ to C₃ alkoxy group.

Examples of halogen atoms represented by X¹ include fluorine, chlorine,bromine, and iodine, preferably chlorine and bromine.

Examples of compounds represented by general formula (4) include2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride, o-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride,m-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride, 3,3′-diphenylsulfonedisulfonylchloride, ethanesulfonyl chloride, p-bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride,p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride, p-3-benzenesulfonyl chloride,p-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl chloride, p-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride,p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, methanesulfonyl chloride, andbenzenesulfonyl bromide.

R²—S—X²   General Formula (5)

where R² represents an optionally substituted alkyl group or anoptionally substituted aryl group, and X² represents halogen atom.

The symbol R² represents an optionally substituted alkyl group or anoptionally substituted aryl group as defined for R¹ in general formula(4), and preferred examples of alkyl and aryl groups are as listedabove. Examples of halogen atoms represented by X² include fluorine,chlorine, bromine, and iodine, preferably chlorine and bromine.

Examples of compounds represented by general formula (5) include2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride and o-nitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride.

where R³ represents an optionally substituted aryl group or anoptionally substituted heteroaryl group; and X³, X⁴, and X⁵ are eachindependently hydrogen atom or halogen atom, with the proviso that notall of X³, X⁴, and X⁵ are hydrogen atom.

The symbol R³ represents an optionally substituted aryl group or anoptionally substituted heteroaryl group.

Preferred examples of aryl groups include aryl groups having 6 to 20carbon atoms, more preferably aryl groups having 6 to 14 carbon atoms,even more preferably aryl groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.

Preferred examples of heteroaryl groups include heteroaryl groups having4 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably heteroaryl groups having 4 to 13carbon atoms, even more preferably heteroaryl groups having 4 to 9carbon atoms.

Examples of substituents include nitro group, halogen atom, C₁ to C₃alkyl group, C₁ to C₃ haloalkyl group, acetyl group, haloacetyl atom,and C₁ to C₃ alkoxy group.

Examples of halogen atoms represented by X³, X⁴, and X⁵ includefluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, preferably chlorine andbromine.

Examples of compounds represented by general formula (6) includehexabromodimethyl sulfoxide, pentabromodimethyl sulfoxide,hexabromodimethylsulfone, trichloromethylphenylsulfone,tribromomethylphenylsulfone, trichloromethylphenylsulfone,trichloro-p-chlorophenylsulfone, tribromomethyl-p-nitrophenylsulfone,2-trichloromethylbenzothiazolesulfone,4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2-tribromomethylsulfone,tetrabromodimethylsulfone, 2,4-dichlorophenyltrichloromethylsulfone,2-methyl-4-chlorophenyltrichloromethylsulfone,2,5-dimethyl-4-chlorophenyltrichloromethylsulfone,2,4-dichlorophenyltrimethylsulfone, tribromomethylphenylsulfone, andtri-p-tolylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate.

R⁴CX⁶X⁷X⁸   General Formula (7)

where R⁴ represents an optionally substituted heteroaryl group; and X⁶,X⁷, and X⁸ are each independently hydrogen atom or halogen atom, withthe proviso that not all of X⁶, X⁷, and X⁸ are hydrogen atom.

The symbol R⁴ represents an optionally substituted heteroaryl group.Preferred examples of heteroaryl groups include heteroaryl groups having4 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably heteroaryl groups having 4 to 13carbon atoms, even more preferably heteroaryl groups having 4 to 9carbon atoms.

Examples of substituents include nitro group, halogen atom, C₁ to C₃alkyl group, C₁ to C₃ haloalkyl group, acetyl group, haloacetyl atom,and C₁ to C₃ alkoxy group.

Examples of halogen atoms represented by X⁶, X⁷, and X⁸ includefluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, preferably chlorine andbromine.

Examples of compounds represented by general formula (7) includetribromoquinaldine, 2-tribromomethyl-4-methylquinoline,4-tribromomethylpyrimidine, 4-phenyl-6-tribromomethylpyrimidine,2-trichloromethyl-6-nitrobenzothiazole,1-phenyl-3-trichloromethylpyrazole,2,5-ditribromomethyl-3,4-dibromothiophene,2-trichloromethyl-3-(p-butoxystyryl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole,2,6-ditrichloromethyl-4-(p-methoxyphenyl)triazine, and2-(4-methylphenyl)-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine.

In particular, preferred are compounds represented by general formulae(3), (6), and (7), where the halogen atoms are preferably chlorine,bromine, or iodine. Compounds other than compounds represented bygeneral formulae (1) to (7) can also be used, including diazo compoundssuch as bis(t-butylsulfonyl)diazomethane.

[Reductant]

The ultraviolet-sensing layer used in the present invention may containa reductant. The reductant may be present inside or outside thecapsules. The reductant functions to deactivate the photo-oxidant. Thereductant prevents a rapid change in color density due to a rapidincrease in the number of radicals generated from the photo-oxidant uponultraviolet irradiation. This allows the color density to changecontinuously depending on the ultraviolet dose and thus allows theultraviolet dose to be visually determined.

Such reductants may be used alone or in combination. Any reducingsubstance that functions to deactivate the photo-oxidant may be used.

The reductant used in the present invention may be any reductant thatfunctions as a free-radical scavenger, i.e., a substance that traps freeradicals generated from activated photo-oxidant. Examples of suchreductants include organic reductants disclosed in the specification ofU.S. Pat. No. 3,042,513 (e.g., hydroquinone, catechol, resorcinol,hydroxyhydroquinone, pyrrologlucinol, and aminophenols such aso-aminophenol and p-aminophenol) and cyclic phenylhydrazides disclosedin the specification of Japanese Examined Patent Application PublicationNo. 62-39726 (e.g., 1-phenylpyrazolidin-3-one (Phenidone A, formula (1)below), 1-phenyl-4-methylpyrazolidin-3-one (Phenidone B, formula (2)below), 1-phenyl-4,4-dimethylpyrazolidin-3-one (Dimezone, formula (3)below), 3-methyl-1-p-sulfophenyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one, and3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one). Examples of commercially availablereductants include 4-hydroxymethyl-4-methyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidinone(Dimezone S, Daito Chemical Co., Ltd.).

The cyclic phenylhydrazides may be substituted on the phenyl group.Examples of substituents include methyl group, trifluoromethyl group,chlorine atom, bromine atom, fluorine atom, methoxy group, ethoxy group,p-benzyloxy group, butoxy group, p-phenoxy group, 2,4,6-trimethyl group,and 3,4-dimethyl group.

The cyclic phenylhydrazides may be substituted on position 4 of theheterocyclic group. Examples of substituents include bis-hydroxymethylgroup, hydroxymethyl group, methyl group, ethyl group, and benzyl group.The cyclic phenylhydrazides may be substituted on position 5 of theheterocyclic group. Examples of substituents include methyl and phenyl.

Other reductants may also be used, including guanidines,alkylenediamines, and hydroxyamines.

Examples of guanidines include phenylguanidine, 1,3-diphenylguanidine,1,2,3-triphenylguanidine, 1,2-dicyclohexylguanidine,1,2,3-tricyclohexylguanidine, 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine,o-tolyldiphenylguanidine, m-tolyldiphenylguanidine,p-tolyldiphenylguanidine, N,N′-dicyclohexyl-4-morpholinocarboxyamidine,1,3-ditolyl-3-phenylguanidine, 1,2-dicyclonexylphenylguanidine,1-o-tolylbiguanide, and N-benzylidene-guanidinoamine.

Examples of alkylenediamines include ethylenediamine, propylenediamine,tetramethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine,1,1,2-diaminododecane, and tetrabenzylethylenediamine.

Examples of hydroxyamines include diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and3-p-naphthyloxy-1-N,N-dimethylamino-2-propanol.

The reductant used for the sheet according to the present invention maybe dispersed in the form of solids, for example, in a sand mill, or maybe dissolved and emulsified in oil.

The reductant may be dispersed in the form of solids in a solution of awater-soluble polymer with a concentration of 2% to 30% by mass. Thedispersed particles preferably have a particle size of 10 μm or less.Preferred examples of water-soluble polymers include those used for thepreparation of capsules. The reductant can be emulsified using thetechniques and materials disclosed in Japanese Unexamined PatentApplication Publication No. 63-045084.

If the reductant is present outside the capsules, the molar ratio of thephoto-oxidant to the reductant is preferably 1:0.1 to100, morepreferably 1:0.5 to 0.50, even more preferably 1:1 to 10.

If the reductant is present inside the capsules, the molar ratio of thephoto-oxidant to the reductant is preferably 1:0.001 to 0.1, morepreferably 1:0.005 to 0.08, even more preferably 1:0.01 to 0.05.

<<Formation of Ultraviolet-Sensing Layer>>

The ultraviolet-sensing layer can be formed by coating or impregnating asupport or reflective layer with a dispersion of capsules containing theleuco dye and the photo-oxidant described above or by forming aself-supported layer from the capsule dispersion.

The amount of ultraviolet-sensing layer coating composition applied toform the ultraviolet-sensing layer is preferably 3 to 30 g/m², morepreferably 5 to 20 g/m², on a solid basis. If the amount of coatingcomposition applied falls below 3 g/m², the resulting coating has aninsufficient concentration. If the amount of coating composition appliedexceeds 30 g/m², the resulting coating has no higher quality and isdisadvantageous in terms of cost.

The ultraviolet-sensing layer coating composition can be applied bycommonly known coating processes such as dip coating, air knife coating,curtain coating, roller coating, doctor coating, wire bar coating, slidecoating, gravure coating, spin coating, and extrusion coating usinghoppers, as disclosed in the specification of U.S. Pat. No. 2,681,294.

<<<Support>>>

Any support may be used in the present invention without departing fromthe spirit of the present invention.

Examples of materials suitable for the support include materialscommonly used in graphic art and decoration, including paper; films ofplastics and polymers, such as regenerated cellulose, cellulose acetate,cellulose nitrate, poly(ethylene terephthalate), vinyl polymers andcopolymers, polyethylene, polyvinyl acetate, poly(methyl methacrylate),and poly(vinyl chloride); woven fabric; glass; wood; and metals.

The support preferably has a thickness of 5 to 250 μm, more preferably25 to 150 μm, even more preferably 50 to 100 μm.

<<<Reflective Layer>>>

The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to the present invention mayinclude a reflective layer between the support and theultraviolet-sensing layer or on a surface of the support, the surfacebeing away from the ultraviolet-sensing layer. The reflective layer canbe provided to improve the reflection density. The reflective layer isnot necessary if the support itself is reflective; if the support istransparent, the reflective layer is preferably provided to reduce lighttransmission.

The reflective layer used in the present invention is preferably formedby coating on one surface of the support and preferably contains abinder and white inorganic particles. The white inorganic particles arepreferably present in the reflective layer in an amount of 30% to 90% ofthe total mass of the binder and the white inorganic particles in thereflective layer.

The reflective layer may further contain other optional components, suchas various additives.

[White Inorganic Particles]

The reflective layer used in the present invention preferably containsat least one type of white inorganic particles. The white inorganicpigment may be the same as or different from the white inorganicparticles present in the polymer substrate. For example, inorganicpigments, such as titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, silicon oxide,aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, kaolin, and talc,may be selected. In particular, titanium dioxide is preferred. Examplesof commercially available inorganic pigments include the TIPAQUE series,such as TIPAQUE R780-2 (Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd.).

The white inorganic particles are preferably present in the reflectivelayer used in the present invention in an amount of 30% to 90% by mass,more preferably 50% to 85% by mass, of the total mass of the binders andthe white inorganic particles in the reflective layer. If the whiteinorganic particles are present in an amount of less than 30% by mass,the reflective layer has low reflectance. If the white inorganicparticles are present in an amount of more than 90% by mass, the weightof the reflective layer cannot be reduced.

The white inorganic particles are preferably present in the reflectivelayer used in the present invention in an amount of 4 to g/m², morepreferably 5 to 11 g/m². If the white inorganic particles are present inan amount of 4 g/m² or more, the necessary reflectance can be readilyachieved. If the white inorganic particles are present in an amount of12 g/m² or less, the weight of the sheet according to the presentinvention can be readily reduced.

If the reflective layer contains two or more types of white inorganicparticles, the total amount of white inorganic particles present in thereflective layer must be 4 to 12 g/m².

The white inorganic particles preferably have an average particle sizeof 0.1 to 10 μm, more preferably about 0.3 to about 8 μm, in terms ofvolume average particle size. White inorganic particles having suchaverage particle sizes have high light reflectivity. The averageparticle size is measured with an LA950 laser scattering particle sizedistribution analyzer (HORIBA, Ltd.).

[Binder]

The reflective layer used in the present invention preferably containsat least one binder. The binder is preferably present in an amount of0.5 to 5.0 g/m², more preferably 1 to 3 g/m². If the binder is presentin an amount of 0.5 g/m² or more, the reflective layer has sufficientstrength. If the binder is present in an amount of 5 g/m² or less, thereflective layer has suitable reflectance and mass.

Examples of binders suitable for the reflective layer used in thepresent invention include poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), modified poly(vinylalcohol)s, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose,epichlorohydrin-modified polyamides, ethylene-maleic anhydridecopolymers, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers, isobutylene-maleicanhydride-salicylic acid copolymers, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide,methylol-modified polyacrylamides, starch derivatives, casein, gelatin,and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). To impart water resistance to thesebinders, water resistance improvers and hydrophobic polymer emulsionssuch as acrylic resin emulsions and styrene-butadiene latex may beadded. To provide high transparency, poly(vinyl alcohol) is preferablyused, and modified PVAs such as carboxy-modified poly(vinyl alcohol)sand alkyl ether-modified poly(vinyl alcohol)s can also be used.

[Additives]

The reflective layer used in the present invention may optionallycontain components other than binders and white inorganic particles. Anyother component may be selected depending on the purpose and need.Examples of other components include crosslinking agents, surfactants,and fillers.

The crosslinking agent may be selected from known crosslinking agents.Examples of crosslinking agents include water-soluble initialcondensates, such as N-methylolurea, N-methylolmelamine, andurea-formalin; dialdehydes, such as glyoxal and glutaraldehyde;inorganic crosslinking agents, such as boric acid and borax; andpolyamide-epichlorohydrin.

If a water-soluble polymer (e.g., gelatin or poly(vinyl alcohol)) isused as the binder, it can be crosslinked with the crosslinking agent tofurther improve the storage stability.

The crosslinking agent, when used, is preferably present in an amount of5% to 50% by mass, more preferably 10% to 40% by mass, of the binder inthe reflective layer. If the crosslinking agent is present in an amountof 5% by mass or more, it has a sufficient crosslinking effect whilemaintaining the strength and adhesion of the reflective layer. If thecrosslinking agent is present in an amount of 50% by mass or less, thecoating composition has a prolonged pot life.

The surfactant may be selected from known surfactants such as anionicsurfactants and nonionic surfactants. The surfactant, when used, ispreferably present in an amount of 0.1 to 15 mg/m², more preferably 0.5to 5 mg/m². If the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.1 mg/m² ormore, a smooth layer can be formed without repellency. If the surfactantis present in an amount of 15 mg/m² or less, the reflective layer hashigh adhesion.

The reflective layer used in the present invention may contain fillerssuch as silica in addition to the white inorganic particles. The filler,when used, is preferably present in an amount of 20% by mass or less,more preferably 15% by mass or less, of the binder in the reflectivelayer. If the filler is present in an amount of 20% by mass or less, thereflective layer has the necessary reflectance and adhesion to thesupport.

<<Formation of Reflective Layer>>

The reflective layer used in the present invention is formed on at leastone surface of the support by applying a reflective layer coatingcomposition containing white inorganic particles, a binder, and otheradditives.

The coating composition can be applied by known coating processes suchas gravure coating and bar coating.

The coating composition may be a water-based coating compositioncontaining water as a coating solvent or may be a solvent-based coatingcomposition containing an organic solvent such as toluene or methylethyl ketone. In particular, a preferred solvent is water, which isenvironmentally friendly. Such coating solvents may be used alone or inmixture. Preferred examples of the coating solvents include water and amixture of water and methyl alcohol in a mass ratio of 95:5.

The reflective layer coating composition may be applied to the surfaceof the polymer substrate directly or with a primer layer having athickness of 2 μm or less therebetween to form the reflective layer onthe polymer substrate.

The reflective layer coating composition is preferably applied in anamount of 5 g/m² or more, more preferably 10 g/m² or more, on a solidbasis. The reflective layer coating composition should be applied in anamount of 30 g/m² or less, although no critical upper limit is defined.If the reflective layer coating composition is applied in an amount ofless than 5 g/m², the reflective layer has insufficient reflectiondensity.

The reflective layer preferably has a thickness of 5 to 30 μm, morepreferably 7 to 20 μm, even more preferably 9 to 15 μm.

<<Adhesion Layer>>

The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to the present invention mayinclude an adhesion layer between the support and the reflective layer.The adhesion layer preferably contains a binder, a crosslinking agent,and a surfactant.

The binder may be similar to the binder used to form the reflectivelayer, preferably a styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) binder.

The crosslinking agent may be similar to the crosslinking agent used toform the reflective layer, preferably glyoxal.

The surfactant may be similar to the surfactant used to form thereflective layer, preferably an anionic surfactant, more preferably asodium alkylbenzenesulfonate.

<<Formation of Adhesion Layer>>

The adhesion layer used in the present invention is formed by applyingan adhesion layer coating composition containing components such asbinders to a surface of the support. The method for applying theadhesion layer coating composition and the preferred amount of adhesionlayer coating composition applied may be similar to those for thereflective layer.

<<Glossy Layer>>

The glossy layer used in the present invention is preferably formed onat least one surface of the reflective layer and preferably contains abinder and a pigment. The pigment is preferably present in the glossylayer in an amount of 30% to 90% of the total mass of the binder and thepigment in the glossy layer.

The type and preferred amount of binder used may be similar to those forthe reflective layer.

The glossy layer may optionally contain other components, such asvarious additives. The types and preferred amounts of additives used maybe similar to those for the reflective layer.

[Pigment]

Examples of pigments include both organic pigments and inorganicpigments. Examples of the organic pigments include monoazo pigments,condensed azo pigments, anthraquinone pigments, isoindolinone pigments,heterocyclic pigments, perinone pigments, quinacridone pigments,perylene pigments, thioindigo pigments, and dioxazine pigments. Examplesof the inorganic pigments include carbon blacks, titanium oxide,titanium yellow, iron oxides, ultramarine, cobalt blue, baked pigments,and metallic pigments.

Preferred examples of the carbon blacks include channel black, furnaceblack, lamp black, thermal black, Ketjen black, and naphthalene black.These carbon blacks may be used alone or in combination with each otheror with other colorants. Examples of the metallic pigments include metalparticles, such as aluminum, colored aluminum, nickel, tin, copper,gold, silver, platinum, iron oxide, stainless steel, and titaniumparticles; mica pearl pigments; colored graphite; colored glass fibers;colored glass flakes; and pearl pigments.

Commercially available pigments such as Iriodin 111 (Merck) can also beused.

<<Formation of Glossy Layer>>

The glossy layer used in the present invention is formed by applying aglossy layer coating composition containing a pigment, a binder, andother additives to the surface of the reflective layer. The method forapplying the glossy layer coating composition and the preferred amountof glossy layer coating composition applied may be similar to those forthe reflective layer.

The glossy layer preferably has a thickness of 0.5 to 20 μm, morepreferably 0.7 to 15 μm, even more preferably 1 to 5 μm.

<Method for Sensing ultraviolet>

The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to the present invention makespossible to continuously develop color depending on the cumulativeilluminance and thus allows the ultraviolet dose to be visuallydetermined and detected. In particular, the ultraviolet-sensing sheet issuitable in determination of ultraviolet doses in a range from 1 to1,000 mJ/cm² and can thus be widely used in a method for detectingultraviolet and a method for measuring ultraviolet. By theultraviolet-sensing sheet of the present invention is a sheet form, theultraviolet-sensing sheet can also measure the ultraviolet irradianceover a wide area.

The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to the present invention, sincea sheet form, can be simply placed on a site where measurementultraviolet radiation is intended to measure ultraviolet radiation.

<Application of Ultraviolet-Sensing Sheet>

The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to the present invention, whichallows the ultraviolet dose to be visually determined, facilitatesultraviolet illuminance over a wide area, and particularly, is effectivein determination of ultraviolet doses in a range from 1 to 1,000 mJ/cm²,can be used in various applications. For example, when a film ismanufactured in a roll-to-roll process by curing an ultraviolet-curableresin with ultraviolet radiation from an ultraviolet irradiation system,the ultraviolet-sensing sheet can be used to measure the ultravioletdose of the ultraviolet-curable resin without using an ultravioletdosimeter. The ultraviolet-sensing sheet can also be used for routinemeasurement of ultraviolet dose during daytime, for example, to accesssun damage to human skin and other objects.

EXAMPLES

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.The following specific examples should not be construed as limiting thescope of the present invention; various modifications may be made to theconditions illustrated in the following examples, including the types,amounts, and ratios of materials used and the types and sequences ofprocesses, without departing from the spirit of the present invention.The term “part(s)”, indicating the amount of material added, meanspart(s) by mass.

(Preparation of Ultraviolet-Sensing Sheet) Example 1

A mixture having the following composition was added to an aqueoussolution containing 63 parts of 8 mass % aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol)solution and 100 parts of distilled water. The mixture was emulsified at20° C. to give an emulsion having a volume average particle size of 1μm. The resulting emulsion was stirred at 40° C. for 3 hours. Theemulsion was then cooled to room temperature and was filtered to give anaqueous capsule dispersion.

—Composition of Mixture—

Leuco dye: leuco crystal violet (LCV, Yamada Chemical 3.0 parts Co.,Ltd.) Photo-oxidant: tribromomethylphenylsulfone (BMPS) 1.5 partsMethylene chloride 22 parts Tricresyl phosphate 24 parts TAKENATE D-110N(75 mass % solution in ethyl acetate, 24 parts Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.)

A mixture having the following composition was then dispersed in aDYNO-MILL (Willy A. Bachofen AG) to give a dispersion of4-hydroxymethyl-4-methyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidinone (Dimezone S) havingan average particle size of 3 μm.

Composition of Mixture

4 mass % aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) solution 150 parts Reductant:4-hydroxymethyl-4-methyl-1-phenyl-3- 30 parts pyrazolidinone (DimezoneS, Daito Chemical Co., Ltd.)

A mixture was prepared from 9 parts of the resulting capsule dispersionand 9 parts of the resulting Dimezone S dispersion, was applied to afoamed poly(ethylene terephthalate) base having a thickness of 75 μm(Crisper K1212, Toyobo Co., Ltd.) in an amount of 10 g/m² on a solidbasis, and was dried by heating at 50° C. for 1 minute to prepare anultraviolet-sensing sheet of Example 1.

Example 2

An ultraviolet-sensing sheet was prepared as in Example 1 except thatthe amount of photo-oxidant was changed from 1.5 parts in Example 1 to0.9 part.

Example 3

An ultraviolet-sensing sheet was prepared as in Example 1 except thatthe amount of photo-oxidant was changed from 1.5 parts in Example 1 to2.4 parts.

Example 4

An ultraviolet-sensing sheet was prepared as in Example 1 except thatthe amount of photo-oxidant was changed from 1.5 parts in Example 1 to0.75 part, and the amount of leuco dye was changed from 3.0 parts inExample 1 to 1.5 parts.

Example 5

An ultraviolet-sensing sheet was prepared as in Example 1 except thatthe amount of photo-oxidant was changed from 1.5 parts in Example 1 to3.5 parts, and the amount of leuco dye was changed from 3.0 parts inExample 1 to 7.0 parts.

Example 6

An ultraviolet-sensing sheet was prepared as in Example 1 except thatthe photo-oxidant in Example 1 was replaced with tri-p-tolylsulfoniumtrifluoromethanesulfonate (TS-01, Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd.).

Example 7

An ultraviolet-sensing sheet was prepared as in Example 1 except thatthe photo-oxidant in Example 1 was replaced withbis(t-butylsulfonyl)diazomethane (WPAG-170, Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries, Ltd.).

Example 8

An ultraviolet-sensing sheet was prepared as in Example 1 except thatthe photo-oxidant used in Example 1 was replaced with lophine dimer(B-CIM, Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.).

Comparative Example 1

An ultraviolet-sensing sheet was prepared as in Example 1 except thatthe amount of photo-oxidant was changed from 1.5 parts in Example 1 to0.3 part.

Comparative Example 2

An ultraviolet-sensing sheet was prepared as in Example 1 except thatthe amount of photo-oxidant was changed from 1.5 parts in Example 1 to4.5 parts.

Comparative Example 3

An ultraviolet-sensing sheet was prepared as in Example 1 except thatthe amount of photo-oxidant was changed from 1.5 parts in Example 1 to0.25 part, and the amount of leuco dye was changed from 3.0 parts inExample 1 to 0.5 part.

Comparative Example 4

An ultraviolet-sensing sheet was prepared as in Example 1 except thatthe amount of photo-oxidant was changed from 1.5 parts in Example 1 to0.65 part, and the amount of leuco dye was changed from 3.0 parts inExample 1 to 13 parts.

Comparative Example 5

An ultraviolet-sensing sheet was prepared as in Example 1 except thatthe tribromomethylphenylsulfone (BMPS) used as a photo-oxidant inExample 1 was replaced with2-(4-methylphenyl)-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine (Triazin A,Siber Hegner & Co.).

Comparative Example 6

An ultraviolet-sensing sheet was prepared as in Example 1 except thatthe leuco dye or the photo-oxidant was not encapsulated in theultraviolet-sensing layer in Example 1.

[Measurement of ε (Photosensitive Region) of Photo-Oxidant]

The ε values (molar absorption coefficients) at wavelengths of 250 and350 nm were measured with a spectrophotometer (U-2000, HitachiHigh-Technologies Corporation).

[Evaluations]

The resulting ultraviolet-sensing sheets of the Examples and theComparative Examples were tested and evaluated for their changes inreflection density ΔD after coloration, ease of handling, and imagestability as follows. The results are summarized in the table below.

[Change in Reflection Density]

The ultraviolet-sensing sheets were irradiated with ultravioletradiation from a high-pressure mercury lamp (high-pressure ultravioletlamp, Ushio Inc.) to cumulative illuminance of 1 mJ/cm², 10 mJ/cm², 100mJ/cm², and 1,000 mJ/cm². The change in color density after theirradiation was determined by measuring the change in color after theirradiation with a reflection densitometer (X-Rite 310, X-Rite Inc.).Specifically, the change in reflection density ΔD1 in a range of 1mJ/cm² or more and less than 10 mJ/cm², the change in reflection densityΔD2 in a range of 10 mJ/cm² or more and less than 100 mJ/cm², and thechange in reflection density ΔD3 in a range of 100 mJ/cm² or more and1,000 mJ/cm² or less, were determined and evaluated according to thefollowing criteria:

A: all of the changes in reflection density ΔD1, ΔD2, and ΔD3 are 0.2 ormore.

B: at least one of the changes in reflection density ΔD1, ΔD2, and ΔD3is less than 0.2.

The measurements, which are assumed to give an ascending curve as shownin FIG. 1, were taken at the upper and lower limits of each range ofcumulative illuminance; therefore, the values of ΔD1, ΔD2, and ΔD3 aresynonymous with the difference between the maximum and minimum values.As ΔD1, ΔD2, and ΔD3 increase, the measurable range can be expanded, andthus, superior gradation can be achieved.

[Ease of Handling]

The ultraviolet-sensing sheets were left standing under a fluorescentlamp with an illuminance of 500 lux for 30 minutes. The changes in thedensities of the ultraviolet-sensing sheets after 30 minutes weremeasured with a reflection densitometer (X-Rite 310, X-Rite Inc.) andwere evaluated according to the following criteria:

A: 0.1 or less

B: more than 0.1 and 0.3 or less

C: more than 0.3

[Image Stability]

The ultraviolet-sensing sheets were irradiated with an ultravioletradiation from a high-pressure mercury lamp (high-pressure ultravioletlamp, Ushio Inc.) to an ultraviolet dose of 100 mJ/cm² and were treatedin a dry oven at 100° C. for 3 minutes. The ultraviolet-sensing sheetswere then irradiated again with an ultraviolet radiation from thehigh-pressure mercury lamp to an ultraviolet dose of 100 mJ/cm². Thechange in density after the irradiation was measured with a reflectiondensitometer (X-Rite 310, X-Rite Inc.) and was evaluated according tothe following criteria:

A: 0.1 or less

B: more than 0.1 and 0.2 or less

C: more than 0.2

TABLE 1 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6Example 7 Example 8 Ultraviolet- Photo-oxidants BMPS BMPS BMPS BMPS BMPSTS-01 WPAG-170 B-CIM Sensing Photo-oxidants/Leuco dyes 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.50.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Layer (mass rate) The amounts of Leuco dyes per 0.3 0.30.3 0.15 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 surface area of 1 m² of the ultraviolet-SensingLayer ε(350 nm) 280 280 280 280 280 320 650 3290 ε(250 nm) 12730 1273012730 12730 12730 12630 12690 12740 The presence or absence of capsulespresence presence presence presence presence presence presence presenceEvaluations Change in reflection density ΔD1 0.23 0.21 0.35 0.22 0.360.25 0.27 0.37 (1-10 mJ/cm²) Change in reflection density ΔD2 0.27 0.250.28 0.24 0.25 0.28 0.29 0.22 (10-100 mJ/cm²) Change in reflectiondensity ΔD3 0.29 0.24 0.22 0.23 0.21 0.28 0.28 0.21 (100-1000 mJ/cm²)Change in Reflection Density A A A A A A A A Ease of Handling A A A A AA A B Image Stability A A A A A A A A

TABLE 2 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative ComparativeComparative Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6Ultraviolet- Photo-oxidants BMPS BMPS BMPS BMPS Triazin A BMPS SensingPhoto-oxidants/Leuco dyes 0.1 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Layer (mass rate) Theamounts of Leuco dyes per surface 0.3 0.3 0.05 1.3 0.3 0.3 area of 1 m²of the ultraviolet-Sensing Layer ε(350 nm) 280 280 280 280 11760 280ε(250 nm) 12730 12730 12730 12730 10380 12730 The presence or absence ofcapsules presence presence presence presence presence absenceEvaluations Change in reflection density ΔD1 0.13 0.45 0.10 0.42 0.510.02 (1-10 mJ/cm²) Change in reflection density ΔD2 0.11 0.12 0.09 0.380.15 0.03 (10-100 mJ/cm²) Change in reflection density ΔD3 0.10 0.050.09 0.11 0.05 0.02 (100-1000 mJ/cm²) Change in Reflection Density B B BB B B Ease of Handling A A A A C A Image Stability A A A A A C

As shown in the tables, in Examples 1 to 8, all of the change inreflection density ΔD1 of 0.2 or more in a range of cumulativeilluminance of 1 mJ/cm² or more and less than 10 mJ/cm², the change inreflection density ΔD2 of 0.2 or more in a range of cumulativeilluminance of 10 mJ/cm² or more and less than 100 mJ/cm², and thechange in reflection density ΔD3 of 0.2 or more in a range of cumulativeilluminance of 100 mJ/cm² or more and 1,000 mJ/cm², and the change inreflection density was evaluated as rank A, which indicates superiorgradation.

In contrast, in Comparative Examples 1 to 6, at least one of the changein reflection density ΔD1 in a range of cumulative illuminance of 1mJ/cm² or more and less than 10 mJ/cm², the change in reflection densityΔD2 in a range of cumulative illuminance of 10 mJ/cm² or more and lessthan 100 mJ/cm², and the change in reflection density ΔD3 in a range ofcumulative illuminance of 100 mJ/cm² or more and less than or equal to1,000 mJ/cm² was less than 0.2, which indicates poor gradation.

The results also indicate that the ultraviolet-sensing sheets ofExamples 1 to 7, which contained photo-oxidants having molar absorptioncoefficients c of 2,000 or less at a wavelength of 350 nm and 10,000 ormore at a wavelength of 250 nm, had greater ease of handling.

The results also indicate that the ultraviolet-sensing sheets includingan ultraviolet-sensing layer containing capsules and a reductant hadhigh image stability.

These results demonstrate that the ultraviolet-sensing sheet accordingto the present invention is effective in ultraviolet dosimetry in therange from 1 to 1,000 mJ/cm².

Example 9

An ultraviolet-sensing sheet of Example 9 was prepared by forming anultraviolet-sensing layer as in Example 1 on a reflective layer formedas follows.

<Formation of Reflective Layer>

A mixture having the following composition was dispersed in a DYNO-MILL(Willy A. Bachofen AG) to give a dispersion of titanium oxide particleshaving an average particle size of 1 μm.

—Composition of Mixture—

4 mass % aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) solution 80 parts Titanium oxide(TIPAQUE R780-2, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, 50 parts Ltd.)

A mixture was prepared from 10 parts of the resulting titanium oxidedispersion and 20 parts of 6 mass % aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol)solution, was applied to a poly(ethylene terephthalate) base in anamount of 10 g/m² on a solid basis, and was dried at 80° C. for 1 minuteto form a reflective layer.

Example 10

An ultraviolet-sensing sheet was prepared as in Example 9 except thatthe titanium oxide particles having a particle size of 1 μm in Example 9were replaced with titanium oxide particles having a particle size of0.3 μm.

Example 11

An ultraviolet-sensing sheet was prepared as in Example 9 except thatthe titanium oxide particles having a particle size of 1 μm in Example 9were replaced with titanium oxide particles having a particle size of 8μm.

Example 12

An ultraviolet-sensing sheet was prepared as in Example 9 except thatthe titanium oxide particles having a particle size of 1 μm in Example 9were replaced with titanium oxide particles having a particle size of 1μm, and the mixture was applied in an amount of 6 g/m² on a solid basis.

Example 13

An adhesion layer was formed on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) base asfollows.

<Formation of Adhesion Layer>

A mixture having the following composition was prepared as an adhesionlayer coating composition.

—Composition of Mixture—

4 weight % aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) solution 98 parts SBR bindersolution (SN-307, Nippon A&L Inc.) 1,877 parts Crosslinking agent(glyoxal, Nippon Synthetic Chemical 18 parts Industry Co., Ltd.) ABSsurfactant (Neogen T, Daiichi Kagaku Kogyo Co., 6 parts Ltd.)

The resulting adhesion layer coating composition was applied to apoly(ethylene terephthalate) base in an amount of 2.0 g/m² on a solidbasis and was dried at 80° C. for 1 minute to form an adhesion layer.

A reflective layer was fbrmed on the surface of the adhesion layer as inExample 9. An ultraviolet-sensing layer was then formed on the surface,away from the reflective layer, of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) baseas in Example 1 to prepare an ultraviolet-sensing sheet of Example 13.

Example 14

An ultraviolet-sensing sheet of Example 14 was prepared as in Example 13except that a glossy layer was formed on the reflective layer in Example13 as follows.

<Formation of Glossy Layer>

A mixture having the following composition was dispersed in a DYNO-MILL(Willy A. Bachofen AG) to give a dispersion of a pearl pigment having anaverage particle size of 5 μm.

—Composition of Mixture—

4 weight % aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) solution 80 parts Pearl pigment(Iriodin 111, Merck) 50 parts

A mixture was prepared from 10 parts of the resulting pearl pigmentdispersion and 20 parts of 6 mass % aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol)solution, was applied to the reflective layer in an amount of 1.0 g/m²on a solid basis, and was dried at 80° C. for 1 minute to form a glossylayer.

Example 15

An ultraviolet-sensing sheet was prepared as in Example 14 except thatthe glossy layer in Example 14 was formed by applying the coatingcomposition in an amount of 3.0 g/m² on a solid basis.

(Evaluations)

The resulting ultraviolet-sensing sheets of Examples 9 to 15 were testedand evaluated for reflection density as follows. The results aresummarized in the table below.

[Reflection Density]

The ultraviolet-sensing sheets were irradiated with ultravioletradiation from a high-pressure mercury lamp (high-pressure ultravioletlamp, Ushio Inc.) to a cumulative illuminance of 100 mJ/cm². The changein color after the irradiation was measured with a reflectiondensitometer (X-Rite 310, X-Rite Inc.) and was evaluated according tothe following criteria:

A: more than 0.5

B: more than 0.4 and 0.5 or less

C: 0.4 or less

[Evaluation of Curling]

A4-sized samples were left standing at 15° C. and 30% for one day, withthe photosensitive surface (ultraviolet-sensing layer) thereof facingupward. The heights (mm) of rising at the four corners were measured andaveraged.

[Distinguishability Between Front and Back Surfaces]

The gloss at 60° was measured with a digital variable-angle gloss meter(UGV-6P, Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd.). The color difference wasmeasured with a spectrocolorimeter (CM-3700A, Konica Minolta, Inc.).

A: a difference in gloss between front and back surfaces is 5 or more,or a color difference between front and back surfaces is 3 or more

B: a difference in gloss between front and back surfaces is 2 or moreand less than 5, or a color difference between front and back surfacesis 1 or more and less than 3

C: a difference in gloss between front and back surfaces is less than 2,or a color difference between front and back surfaces is less than 1

TABLE 3 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example 9 10 1112 13 14 15 Ultraviolet- Photo-oxidants BMPS BMPS BMPS BMPS BMPS BMPSBMPS Sensing Photo-oxidants/Leuco dyes 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 Layer(mass rate) The amounts of Leuco dyes per 12730 12730 12730 12730 1273012730 12730 surface area of 1 m² of the ultraviolet- Sensing Layer ε(350nm) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 ε(250 nm) 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3The presence or absence of presence presence presence presence presencepresence presence capsules Reflective The presence or absence ofpresence presence presence presence presence presence presence Layer areflective Layer The particle size of 1 0.3 8 1 1 1 1 the metalparticles(μm) The coating amount for 10 10 10 6 10 10 10 the ReflectiveLayer (g/m²) Placement point FIG. 4 FIG. 4 FIG. 4 FIG. 5 FIG. 5 FIG. 5FIG. 5 (Placement point in drawing) Glossy The coating amount for — — —— — 1 3 Layer the Glossy Layer (g/m²) Evaluations Reflection Density A AA A A A A Curling(mm) 20 20 20 16 0 0 0 Distinguishability between Frontand A A A A B A A Back Surfaces

As shown in the table, the ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to thepresent invention has high reflection density if it includes areflective layer formed on a transparent support.

The ultraviolet-sensing sheets of Examples 13 to 15, which have thestructure shown in FIG. 5, exhibited little or no curling at lowhumidity. The ultraviolet-sensing sheets of Examples 14 and 15, whichhave the structure shown in FIG. 5 and include a glossy layer on thereflective layer, had high distinguishability between the front and backsurfaces thereof.

Ultraviolet-sensing sheets prepared as in Examples 13 to 15 except thatno reductant was used in the ultraviolet-sensing layer had superiorproperties as in Examples 13 to 15.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

1 ultraviolet-sensing sheet

10 ultraviolet-sensing layer

11 capsule

12 photo-oxidant

12 a activated photo-oxidant

13 leuco dye

20 reflective layer

30 support

40 glossy layer

50 adhesion layer

What is claimed is:
 1. A dispersion comprises a capsule containing aphoto-oxidant and a leuco dye capable of developing color by thephoto-oxidant, which has a mass ratio of the photo-oxidant and the leucodye is 0.2 to 1.0:1.
 2. A dispersion according to claim 1, wherein whenthe dispersion is formed to a layer containing the leuco dye in anamount of 0.1 to 1.0 g per 1 m² of a surface of the layer, the layer hasa change in reflection density ΔD1 of 0.2 or more in a range ofcumulative illuminance of 1 mJ/cm² or more and less than 10 mJ/cm², achange in reflection density ΔD2 of 0.2 or more in a range of cumulativeilluminance of 10 mJ/cm² or more and less than 100 mJ/cm², and a changein reflection density ΔD3 of 0.2 or more in a range of cumulativeilluminance of 100 mJ/cm² or more and 1,000 mJ/cm² or less, as measuredat a wavelength of 365 nm.
 3. The dispersion according to claim 1, whichcontains water.
 4. The dispersion according to claim 1, wherein thecapsule has a shell wall of which martial contains at least one selectedfrom a polyurethane, a polyurea, a polyester, a polycarbonate, anurea-formaldehyde resin, a melamine-formaldehyde resin, a polystyrene, astyrene-methacrylate copolymer, a gelatin, a polyvinylpyrrolidone, and apoly vinyl alcohol.
 5. The dispersion according to claim 1, wherein thecapsule has a volume average particle size of 0.1 to 100 μm.
 6. Thedispersion according to claim 1, wherein the photo-oxidant contains atleast one selected from photo-oxidants represented by Formulae (1) to(7);

wherein A, B, and D represent each independently a carbon ring or aheteroaryl group unsubstituted or substituted by a substituent that doesnot interfere with dissociation of the dimer into imidazolyl groups oroxidation of the leuco dye;P⁰—CX₃   Formula (2) wherein P⁰ represents a hydrogen atom, a halogenatom, or an aryl group, and X represents a halogen atom;

wherein R represents a substituent, and x represents an integer of 0 to5;R¹—SO₂—X¹   Formula (4) wherein R¹ represents an optionally substitutedan alkyl group or an optionally substituted an aryl group, and X¹ is ahalogen atom;R²—S—X²   Formula (5) wherein R² represents an optionally substituted analkyl group or an optionally substituted an aryl group, and X²represents a halogen atom;

wherein R³ represents an optionally substituted an aryl group or anoptionally substituted a heteroaryl group; X³, X⁴, and X⁵ represent eachindependently a hydrogen atom or halogen atom; with the proviso that notall of X³, X⁴, and X⁵ are a hydrogen atom; andR⁴CX⁶X⁷X⁸   Formula (7) wherein R⁴ represents an optionally substituteda heteroaryl group; X⁶, X⁷, and X⁸ represent each independently ahydrogen atom or a halogen atom; with the proviso that not all of X⁶,X⁷, and X⁸ are a hydrogen atom.
 7. The dispersion according to claim 1,which further contains a binder.
 8. The dispersion according to claim 7,wherein the binder contains at least one selected from a poly vinylalcohol, a methyl cellulose, a carboxymethyl cellulose, a hydroxypropylcellulose, gum arabic, a gelatin, a polyvinylpyrrolidone, casein, astyrene-butadiene latex, an acrylonitrile-butadiene latex, a poly vinylacetate, a polyacrylate, and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.